Unit 12 - P7 and M4

P7  - Outline the impact of online business in society
M4 - Analyse the consequences for society of an increase in online business

In this part of my assignment I will explain the impact of online business in society as employing, people's life and etc, and what implication in the society will be if a business grows.

The online businesses could have different impact in society. The online businesses can result in different ways to the people out there, for some businesses is profitable for some not. Even some business bankrupt or close down because the online businesses, but for some of them is profitable because they make more sells and bypass the taxes, costs and etc. 

If a business grows and start serving in other countries, that will affect a part of the world and the business. The business will have to pay more taxes, shipping additions and etc. They will have to check the rules and regulations and that kind of things, because as I mentioned in my other assignment about risks of online business, the product you sell might be not legal in the country you want to make sell over internet and that can open them many quite serious problems, when a business grow the owner of the business should to be more careful about their business. Will be good for the business of course, because that means the business is doing very well in selling.
If a business grow, that can be good for the society because will have more options of products for the people, might have different products than the usual products. The price of the goods can be different, the quality can be good. There will need some more employee to control the business and that means less people will be without a job.
If a business grow, that can be bad for the society as well because that means if the business is successful, the business in the High Street and Shopping centre will be less because they can afford to have more staff and buy new product and etc. When a business close down, that affect other businesses as well, businesses which they were selling their products to that business.

The online businesses mostly affect the shopping because they make it easier for the people to make a shopping. People prefer to go to buy something online instead wasting their time to plan a journey and find out the right  product they want to have. Via online businesses is easier for the people, they don't have to do these things, they just have to chose few options and after a time they will get it at home via delivery. The payment its easy, again by pressing some buttons and that's all. That kills the normal shopping as well, when people go together to shopping and try clothes, talk with someone, ask for opinion and etc.

Online business > online shopping > businesses close down > people are without job> no wages>break ups> crimes>jail

I add few pictures which will confirm my coursework, the pictures will be about total online spending, unemployed people and about the crime came because the unemployment.

In that graph clearly shows that the Online shopping has increased a lot since 1997.

 
Many people prefer to do their business in online as you see in the graph, because there are couple of reasons like: Have no need of more staff, no premises costs (depends on your online business), less taxes and etc. That's why the online business is more profitable nowadays.



In that picture you can see that the unemployed people has increase in the last few years.

There are many reasons for unemployment, but online business are one of the main problems for that. As many organisations have online business, the employees will be useless for the organisations that's why have cut of staff, not accepting that much staff.

The online business always find out a way to say that they fallow the rules about the taxes, but they don't do that really. Some organisations made smart move, by having a profit, or run the business from there where the taxes are lower and the costs too. There are few organisations which find out that way and use them to pay less taxes. For an example Amazon is one of them.
What Amazon did, they earn their profit in Luxembourg. That saves their life, because they make sales for over £4bn and pay only £2,4 taxes for a year.
The important question for all of people reading that is, where all the money goes to. Some of the money are spending to cover some of the cost, improvements and the rest goes as profit. They spend some money in developing their web site, like how more friendly they can make it and improving the delivery system, they try to do that  more efficiently.
There are few examples as well, like Top Shop, Google and etc.

Like all, the online business are good and bad because couple of reasons. The employees are fine with that, because they do less physical job and they can do it from wherever they want to, all you need is a type of computer and Internet, or as in these days the new smart phones are useful they do their work over the phone while travelling or doing something else. This is more comfortable for the employee obviously, and comfortable for the employer as well because it's less worries about the staff, less costs - more profit.
Online businesses, make easier the shopping for them by bringing all the services in only few clicks and 1,2 minutes. People don't save time only by that, they save money as well because in internet most of the products are cheaper then the shop prices. (Shop prices looking for more income, because the more costs)

Formal Documents

In this part of the task I will describe 2 different types of documents (formal and informal) and I also will describe types of documents (e-mail, invoice, agenda, and business letter, delivery note,). After doing that I will compare them and I will explain why I chose to write about these letters

Type documents:

Formal document – Formal writing is the proper language (not slang language), with proper paragraphs.


Informal document – Informal writing is the language with slang words, not proper paragraphs.

Invoice (EXTERNAL) - Invoice is a request of payment or receipt of product or service.
 The invoice if it’s used for receipt, in that receipt must have the company logo, company contact details, invoice number, date, and order number. The amount of the order, vat, price, name of the orders.

I chose that type of document because this type of document is usually using. In every legal business they have Invoice, to proof that the employee work for that company. It’s type of receipt

E-mail (Internal and EXTERNAL) – E-mails are used for communication with others. It can be use for internal and external. Here you can send a mail (letter), image, video and etc. E-mails are the cheapest way to communicate or do your business because it’s free, just you must have an e-mail account somewhere.

Nowadays E-mail is used everywhere, at work, school, home, chat and etc. People use that for formal and informal documents. It’s free if you have internet or find place with internet, you don’t have to wait long time like normal letters.

Agenda (INTERNAL and External)– Agenda is a list with topics which have to be talked in the meeting, all the members should have that piece of paper before the meeting and have some knowledge about that.

I use that type of document because agenda mostly is used to in business meetings, that helps the entire employee and employers to know what are they talking about. Give them some knowledge about the topics will be talked in the meeting.

Business letter (external) – Is a formal letter which is written in formal language and usually is used when writing from organization to another or organization to customers/clients and other external parties.

I chose that document because it’s easy to see everywhere, they can be found everywhere. The simplest way to write something on a letter.

Delivery note (external) – Delivery note is type of receipt when you get delivery to the address given or a collection note, when you collect some delivery from somewhere.
Example: When you collect an item from Royal Mail services in The UK.

I chose that type of document because not many people ask for that kind of a letter and when their product is faulty they are complaining without a prove.

Text message (Internal) – This is the most popular and used way of communication after oral communication. This is cheapest way, because in The UK almost in every network is free.

 

I chose that kind of a document, because it’s the most used type of document by my opinion. Can be used everywhere for free and you don’t need complication and internet for it.

All these documents are in written format and all of them are used usually and almost all of them are connected with business. The difference between them is some of them can be used for informal, but not all of them (example: agenda and invoice can’t be used in informal way). Some of them need a proof of address, name and etc, but in agenda and e-mail this is not necessary. There are 3 internal and 3 external documents. External are those which can be used for outside organisation and the internal are for within the organisation. You need the information provided on the documents to develop your business and all the documents must be written correctly, doesn’t matter they are informal or formal.

Unit 4 P2 - Type Organisation Structures

Organisation structure

Every business have an organisation structure which is helping to the business to have more control over it and make easier for everyone to know their obligations in the company. There have no matter it's big or small company because they need a structure if they want to work in their maximum capacity and have the maximum results.

There are 3 type of organisation structures:
- Hierarchical
- Flat
- Matrix

Hierarchical Structure - In that business structure have few levels, these levels are arranged one below other. The top levels are the high levels and the bottom is the normal staff, but under the top level have few levels and on these few levels each have few levels. The levels can go as much the company is big.
Example: On the top have boss after that manager and on the bottom is the staff.

Flat Structure - In that structure have no many structure levels, there are 2 or 3. That type of structure is welcome in most of the companies, because is simple and productively. Flat structure have one boss, manager and staff or just staff without manager.

Functional Structure - This structure is more complicated, because have different people from different functional. All of the members in the company have different skills which are helpful for the business. They work together task by task. 

Unit 4 P3 - Job Description

Job Decsription

Produce a basic job description and person specification for a specific job

I have choose as an example for my Job Roles, McDonald's.
McDonald's Corporation, the biggest fast food restaurant was found in the United States from Richard and Maurice McDonald in 1940. The businessman Ray Kroc joined the company as a franchise agent in 1955. He subsequently purchased the chain from the McDonald brother and oversaw its world wide growth. The company's revenue grew 27 percent over the three years ending in 2007 to $22.8 billion, and 9 percent growth in operating income to $3.9 Billion.


Software developer

If you are keen on computing and enjoy design and development, this job could be a good idea for you to become a software developer. For that job you will have to be creative and problem solver. Excellent communication and customer care skills are also important. Software developer (also known as programmers) design and build computer programs that help organisations and equipment work effectively.

As a software developer your work could involve:

- Design computer controls for industrial and manufacturing machinery
- Building administrative and financial databases
- Developing software for home entertainment equipment.

A typical project would include:
- Programming a test version of a piece of software
- Testing installation and compatibility issues
- Checking test results and fixing technical problem 
- Installing a full version and carrying out final checks before going 'live'
- Maintaining and supporting systems once they are up and running.

Skills and knowledge 

To become a software developer you will need to have:
- A good knowledge or hardware
- Software and programming languages
- The ability to interpret and follow technical plans
- A creative approach to problem-solving
- An understanding of computer Aided, software engineering tools
- Excellent communication and customer care skills 
- The ability to work with people at all levels, including non-technical staff
- Good project management skills
-The ability to work under pressure and meet deadlines
- Good teamwork skills
- An appreciation of the clients business needs
- An understanding of confidentiality and data protection issues

Working hours and Income

You would work between 37 and 40 hours a week. For these maximum of 40 hours you will be paid:

Starting salaries for graduates can be between £20,000 - £26,000 a year
Experienced developers can earn between £28,000 - £40,000 and software developers with management responsibilities can earn over £50,000 a year.

Human Resources Officer

If you enjoy working with people and you are looking for an office role, this could be the perfect job for you. Human Resources officers also known as personnel officers look after hiring and developing employees. They look after their welfare too.

The work 

Hr officers work would usually involve:

- Hiring staff - advertising and interviewing

- Working with other managers to plan future staff needs 

- Keeping employee records

- Providing staff training and development

- Making sure staff have the rights pay and benefits

- Arranging staff services such as welfare and counselling

-  Dealing with complaints and discipline procedures

- Promoting equality, and heath and safety

- Advising on matters like pay negotiations, redundancy and employment law

- Developing HR policies and procedures

- Writing staff handbooks

Skills and knowledge

To become a human resources officer you would need to have:

- A tactful, friendly but firm manner

- Good spoken and written communication skills

- The ability to build good working relationships with colleagues at all levels

- Fairness and objectivity

- Discretion with confidential information

- Good organisational ability

- High levels of accuracy and attention to detail

- Calmness under pressure

- Good administration and computer skills

Hours and Income

In a full-time job you would normally work standard office hours like Monday - Friday.

Part-time and temporary work are often available.

Personnel administrators can earn around £15,000 - £19,000 a year.

Starting salaries for HR officers can be between £18,000 - £25,000 a year

Personal managers can earn £25,000 - £50,000 a year or more.



Marketing Manager

The work

You would use various marketing strategies to communicate with customers. Your typical would include:

- Researching and analysing market trends

- Identifying target markets and how best to reach them

- Coming up with marketing strategies

- Planning campaigns and managing budgets

- Organising the production of posters, brochures and websites

- Attending trade shows, conferences and sales meetings

- Making sure that campaigns run to deadline and on budget

- Monitoring and reporting on the effectiveness of strategies and campaigns

- Managing a team of marketing executives and assistants.

Skills and knowledge

- As a marketing manager you should have:
- Excellent spoken and written communication skills
- Creative thinking
- Good organisational and planning skills
- The ability to lead and motivate a team
- Drive, motivation and initiative
- The ability to work under pressure and to deadlines
- The confidence to 'sell' your ideas
- Attention to detail
- Good business sense and budget awareness.

Hours and Income
You would typically work standard office hours, Monday to Friday, sometimes longer at busy times such as the lead-up to a campaign launch.

Management salaries are usually between £25,000 - £40,000 a year.

Senior managers and marketing directors can earn £50,000 a year or more.

Sales Assistant

If you like the idea of making shopping more enjoyable for people and can get along with a wide variety of different customers.

The Work

The places you could work include supermarkets, fashion stores and department stores, and you could be:

- Serving and advising customers

- Taking payment
- Helping customers to find the goods they want
- Advising on stock amounts
- Hiving information on products and prices
- Stacking shelves or displaying goods in an attractive way
- Arranging window displays
- Promoting special offers or store cards
- Ordering goods
- Handling complaints or passing them on to a manager.

Skills and knowledge
You would need to be:
- A good communicator
- Able to get on well with people
- Able to work as part of a team
- Friendly, polite and helpful
- Confident and tactful
- Energetic
- Reliable and responsible
- Honest.

Working hours and Income


HoursIn a full-time job you would normally work between 35 and 40 hours a week, possibly including weekends and evenings. Part-time work is often available and you may work shifts.

Income
Full-time salaries can be between £11,000 - £15,000 a year
Supervisors can earn between £15,000 - £20,000 a year.

Extra money - Many larger retail companies also offer benefits like staff discounts, extra pay depending on how much you sell (known as commission) and bonus schemes.

Management accountant 

Management accountants are responsible for managing a company's finances. They look after a company's accounts. They also find ways to improving profitability and the growth.


The work

As a management accountant you would work for one company as an in-house (internal) accountant. This role is different from a private practice accountant, who provides accountancy services for external clients.

Your work could include:
- Preparing regular financial statements and accounts, such as profit and loss accounts
- Monitoring spending, costs and budgets
- Analysing the company's financial performance
- Forecasting and planning future spending and profits
- Recommending ways to reduce costs and increase profits
- Making business decisions with other managers
- Carrying out internal audits of various departments
- Providing external auditors with company reports and financial data
- Managing a team of accounting technicians and finance clerks
- Overseeing the company's payroll, credit control and bookkeeping systems.

Skills and knowledge:

- Good mathematical and computer skills

- Analytical ability and a logical approach

- A good understanding of business

- Accuracy and attention to detail

- Good communication skills

- The ability to explain technical financial information clearly

- Organisation and time-management skills

- Honesty and discretion.

Working hours and Income

You would normally work standard office hours, Monday to Friday. You may need to work overtime during busy periods, such as at the end of the financial year. Part-time work may often be available.

Trainee and part-qualified accountants could earn between £18,000 - £30,000 a year, depending on which stage of training they have reached.

Qualified management accountants usually earn between £30,000- £50,000 a year.

Finance managers and directors could earn between £50,000 - £100,000 a year, depending on the size of the company.

Task 3 - Analyse the different aspects that will affect a business

Project extension Task 3

To set up a business is easy, but is easily destroyed, the business can be affected in different ways, financial issues, rules and regulations, strategy, structure, weather, location, marketing strategy and etc.

Marketing Strategy
Its really important how the business is promoted, because that can affect it really bad. Thera are different ways to promote the business, can be by leaflets, bill boards, posters, web advertises, word of mount and etc. If the business is not well known, the less customers can affect the business in the bad way. 

Structure of the business can be 3 types:

The structure of the business, should to be carefully choosed, because the not right structure can affect the business badly (if the business is large, they need choose structure like hierarchical for large business)

Matrix - This structure is more complicated, because have different people from different functional. All of the members in the company have different skills which are helpful for the business. They work together task by task

Flat - In that structure have no many structure levels, there are 2 or 3. That type of structure is welcome in most of the companies, because is simple and productively. Flat structure have one boss, manager and staff or just staff without manager

Hierarchical - In that business structure have few levels, these levels are arranged one below other. The top levels are the high levels and the bottom is the normal staff, but under the top level have few levels and on these few levels each have few levels. The levels can go as much the company is big.

Laws and RegulationsThere days is easy and hard to set up a business, because everyone have the right to set up a business but there are many different laws and regulatios (rules). All of the business should to be S.M.A.R.T. (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-Bound) and they need to have information about the company, shareholders. All of the business need to know the ACTs that they have to apply, some businesses need a license for specific sale/service. There are many laws and regulations that might affect the business, thats why all employees and employers need to think about that before starting work within the company.

Consumer laws - The purpose of this law is to protect the consumers who buy services and goods, that law protect them against unfair treading or when there have something wrong. That can be damaged goods, problem with the negotiations (contracts), poor service and ETC. There are different Acts of Parliament, which have improved and try their best to help the buyers.
There have two more laws that protect consumers:

- The Sale of Goods Act (When buy good in the shop)
- The Consumer Protection Regulation (When you buy goods online)

Criminal law - This law is not allowing people to do illegal businesses, criminals are people who act against the rules of the Parliament. There is a competition law, which the purpose is to make fair competition between the companies and makes the prices lower, the quality better and lots of different goods.

Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 - This Act helps to the customers to protect their self from the sale assistans. This is not allowing the sale person to lie, act unfairly, agressive behaviour, pass the good as another brand and ETC. Clients must report that kind of behaviours to Trading Standards, then can take action in the criminal/civil court.
Data Protect Act 1998 - That Act controls how your personal information is used by businesses, organisations and government. Every person who use Data Protection need to fallow the "data protection principals" and they must make sure the information is used: fairly, limited, kept no longer than the necessary, handled right, kept safe/secure, NOT transferred outside the UK without adequate protection and ETC. There is stronger protection for more personal information like religious beliefs, health, sexual health, criminal records, ethic background and political opinions.
National Minimum Wages 1998 - There is a national minimum wages in The UK, it help to the employee to get fair wages for everyone. There are different wages groups, there are 21+,18-20, 18 under and since 2010 have apprentice group. Every year the wages are increasing to make sure that they cover the need of the people.
The current National Minimu Wages for 2013 are:

For 21+ is £6.19, after 1 October will be £6.31
For 18-20 is £4.98, after 1 October will be £5.03
For 18 under is £3.68, after 1 October will be £3.72
For apprentice is £2.65, after 1 October will be £2.68Employment Right Act 1996 - An employee has an employment contract. The contact must be written and given to the employee within eigth weeks from the start date of the employment. That type of documents are called "writted statement of partuculars", it contents the main terms of the employment contract. On that documents says what the employer CAN and CAN NOT DO
Disability and Discrimination Act 1995 - The purpose of this act is to give right to the people with disabilities, it gives them the same right like the people without disability. It gives them the rights in the areas of: Education, Employment, acces to goods, facitities and services, including larger private clubs and transport services,  access to goods, facilities and services, including larger private clubs and transport services, buy or rent property/land and etc.

Race Relations Act 1976 - The purpose of that act is to stop the discrimination on the race of the people ( Colour, race, ethnic group, natinality or anything similar) in the areas of employment, public options, education. The directors/employers have no right to discriminate againts to anyone for a job, because their difference.

Sex Discrimination Act 1975 - The Parliament, has created that act to protect the men and women against the any discrimination of their sex. That act gives the same right to the men and women, equal options for both of the sex groups. That helps them to have the equal opportunity to work, study, train and etc.

CRB checks (Criminal Record Bureau) -  The purpose of this CRB checks is to make the work places safer, in work places like: Working with childrent/voluntary jobs, healthcare and working with disabled people. The employers have no right to ask for that check, if the job is not requires it for a certain jobs. That helps to the employer to make a decisian that the applier for job is it suitable for it or not, that is most important especially with vulnerable people and children.


Financial issues

Some financial issues could affect to setting up a business, some people need financial support to set up their business. People can get money a friend/family, might get loan from the bank (but will have to pay interest), some have their own saving or some people can sale their personal belongings like property/land, car and etc. Once their started their business, they can get money from someone else if their company is LTD, they are able to sell share to someone who can buy their shares. Every business have different way to get money depent on the business. Most of the businesses make their money from advertises like internet advertises. The business can sale or provide services to make a profit, also can make their goods and sale it, when they are in the Secondary/Tertiary sector.
People have to be becarefull with they costs, because if the costs increase more than the profit that will shut down their business

U4 P1 - Task 6 - Compare the main job roles and functions in two different organisations

Project Extension Task 6

In this part of my coursework I will compare the main job roles and functions in two different organisations, the organisations that I have choose are British Red Cross and Wesminster Kingsway College.

British Red Cross's Departments:

- Finance and Business Development

- Education and Human Resources

- Communication Department

- Fundraising

-International

- Strategy and Evaluation

- UK service department

Job Role: HR information Administrator

 http://gs11.globalsuccessor.com/fe/tpl_redcross01.asp?s=4A515F4E5A565B1A&jobid=42002,2336473636&key=55947600&c=237265499814&pagestamp=seotooxlkntftzcdfw

The Candidate will do: provide information and provide services to learning teams
The Candidate need to be able to use Microsoft Office (epecially Edexel), well communication skills and person who have spare for different changes in the workplace.

Westminster Kingsway College's Department:
 

- Teaching
- Marketing
-IT Department
- HR
- Finance
- Professional development (separeted training department)

Jobe Role: Lecturer - Mathematic

http://jobs.westking.ac.uk/vacancy_detail.asp?ID=220

The candidate for that job will need to: Provide effective teaching, support and assessment in Mathmatics on range of courses including GCSE,AS, and A2
The candidate will need to have: Excellent IT skills, qualifications, experience and need to be flexible  

Both of the organisations are different, they have similar departments but their purpose are different. Westminster Kingsway College provides services by educating the people, British Red Cross also provide education but different type of education like training, and their purpose is th help to the humanity by keeping them safe from disasters, help people in crysis and emergency responds.

Both of them deal with people and sell/provide services to the community.

Westminster Kingsway College's Departments	British Red Cross’s Departments
Teaching and Learning – This departments try make sure that the students are well provided from the teachers.	International – This department is working everywhere around the world.
Human Resources – This department deals with the need of the staff, they find new employees.	Education and Human Resources – Its one of the most important departments for the British Red Cross, because they should make sure that the education/training is provided well and make you that the people have all the equipment
Operations – This department is dealing with everyday problems, day to day. Helps to the organization to deal with daily problems.	Strategy and Evaluation - This department work with the board of trustees and the senior management and they try to keep to their main strategy. This departments help to the organisation to be one whole.
Finance – This department is important for many department/people because, if somewhere is needed financial help they deal with it. They calculate and give the wages to the employees	Finance and Business Development – This department is important for British Red Cross, because they deal with the money of the people that they have donated to the Fundraising, also calculate the finance work of the organization.
IT Department – One of the most important departments for WKC is that one, because in all the college is needed IT equipment.	UK service department – This departments deals with the things only in the UK.
Professional development (separated training department): This department is similar to the HR department, but there are specialist for providing training.	Fundraising - They deal with the resources from charity shops, public appeals, events, trusts and Red Cross training to provide services.
Estates – This department is in charged with the maintenance of the buildings of the college, they area in charged people for changing door/windows/cleaning and etc	Communication Department - They make sure that the information provided by the Red Cross is easy to understand. It helps the media, staff and volunteers, government and donors to keep their knowledge up to date.
Marketing – “The Marketing department’s role is to improve and deliver marketing plans and strategies to help the College meet its target. The department is part of the External Relations Directorate and incorporates a number of units who are specifically targeted with delivering different aspects of the strategic goals”	Marketing – “Marketing involves a range of processes concerned with finding out what consumers want, and then providing it for them”

Task 1 - Benefits of starting your own business

Extension task 1 evaluation

I will write about what are the benefits to start your own business. The business can be online or branch business, there are different type of businesses like being a Privat or Public Limited Companies/Sole Trader/NGO/Franchasi, but I will write just for a normal business without complications.

• You are your own boss
  
  - Your decisions
  - Challenge
  - You do not have to work with someone else if you want
  - You control your working life
  - Flexibility - you decide when to work (hours/days)
  - To be boss means to be powerful than normal person
  - You control everything in the workplace
  - You can do what you are interested in
  - You can do what job you have dreamed before
  - You choose where do locate your business
  - It might change the world, as Levi Roots, Bill Gates, Karen Millen and Lord Alan Sugar.

• Money (Power)
  
  - Can be very profitable, if your business success will make profit more than a normal wages.
  - If your business is not about money, then you can be NGO boss and help to people in need. It might be with clothes/water/education/health or etc. You have the posibility to make the world better place
  - If you raise enough money, you can develop your business or create another business as well

• You can have second career
  
  - Depends on your business, you can set up your business until you are working somewhere else, by that way you will have 2 careers and 2 job incomes
  - If you are hard worker you can work in your business in day/night time and other job in the opposite shift